Product Description
Product Description
structural carbon steel :45# with details in under sheet :
| Standard No. | Alloy No. | Chemical compositions(%) | ||||||
| C | Cr | Mn | Ni | P | S | Si | ||
| GB/T699-1999 | 45# | 0.42~0.50 | ≤0.25 | 0.50~0.80 | ≤0.25 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.17~0.37 |
| Mechanical Property |
Tensile Strength(Mpa) | Yeild Strength(Mpa) | Elongation(%) | Contraction of area Z(%) | ||||
| ≥600 | ≥355 | ≥16 | ≥40 | |||||
The correlation between properties and parameters-S45C (JIS)-SAE1045(Aisi)-SM45 of No. 45 steel(45 steel) was studied:
No. 45 steel is a carbon structural steel with 0.45% carboncontent. It is characterized by low price, good cutting performance, high hardness after quenching, good strength, toughness and wear resistance after quenching and temperingtreatment, is widely used in manufacturing structural partsand low-grade plastic mold. “45 steel” is a popular name, thesymbol is generally recorded as”45 #”. In fact GB standardsteel number is”45″, it is not a sequential number, read as”45steel” is not very accurate. Ingredient code 45 steels of similar designation are S45C (JIS) and 1045(Aisi) . In addition, ourcountry metallurgical technology standard has SM45 brandnumber to express the plastic mold use specially. Comparedwith 45 steel, SM45 has lower phosphorus and sulfur contentand better steel purity.
| Standards | YB/T 094 | AISI | JIS G4051 |
| Alloy No. | SM45 | 1045 | S45C |
| C | 0.42-0.48 | 0.43-0.50 | 0.42-0.48 |
| Si | 0.17-0.37 | 0.15-0.35 | |
| Mn | 0.50-0.80 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.60-0.90 |
| P | <0.030 | <0.030 | <0.030 |
| S | <0.035 | <0.035 | <0.035 |
Recommended process specification for heat treatment andhardness: quenching temperature 820 – 860″ C, water-oroil-cooled, hardness 250 HRC. Recommended tempering pro-cess specifcation: tempering temperature is 500 – 560″ C, aircooling, hardness is 25 – 33HRC. Tempering in this temperature range is the tempering treatment, Quenching and tempering make the strength, plasticity and toughness of 45 steelget a good balance, the comprehensive performance is good,can adapt to the alternating load environment. After quench-ing and tempering, the surface hardness of 45 steel is low anddoes not wear well. So commonly used quenching and tempering + surface quenching to improve the surface hardnessof parts.
| Tempering temperature | After quenching | Unit centigrade | |||||
| 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 550 | 600 | ||
| Hardness HRC |
57 | 55 | 50 | 41 | 33 | 26 | 22 |
| Mechanical properties (GB/T 699-1999) | |||
| Sample size | mm | 25 | |
| Heat treatments recommended | Normalizing | ºC | 850 |
| Quenching | ºC | 840 | |
| Tempering | ºC | 600 | |
| Mechanical properties | Tensile strongth | Mpa | ≥600 |
| Strong yield | Mpa | ≥355 | |
| Elongation | Mpa | ≥16 | |
| Section shrinkago | Mpa | ≥40 | |
| Impact | Mpa | ≥39 | |
| Hardness of delivery | HB | ≤229 | |
| HB | ≤197 | ||
Main Products
Company Profile
ZheJiang Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Equipment Manufacturing Co, Ltd., located in HangZhou City, ZheJiang Province, is a steel forging manufacturing enterprise specializing in the production of forged round steel, square steel, shaft forgings, ring forgings, cylinder forgings, and forging processing, heat treatment, mechanical processing, and finished parts processing. 0.75 tons to 30 tons of ingot steel can also be supplied. The company has a strong special steel supply channel as support, especially in the special steel forgings more resource advantages, products include “chromium-nick- el-molybdenum steel, bonded steel, carbon steel, stainless steel, spring steel, bearing steel, rolls and other series.”Our company can also ensure flaw detection at all levels according to customer requirements and provide quality certification documents.
Forging Equipment
The main equipment is 2000 tons of hydraulic press, ring rolling machine, 3 tons of forging hammer, 2 tons of forging hammer, 1 ton forging hammer, 750KG forging hammer, 30T heat treatment and temper- ing furnace, lathe, sawing machine and other more than 30 sets of equipment, which can produce
forgings weighing 20Kg-20000Kg. Products are not only widely used in domestic large locomotives, coal machines, petroleum machinery, shipbuilding and other industries, but also exported to Europe, South- east Asia, and other countries and regions, forging products using advanced production technology
“high-power electric CZPT (EF)furnace external refining (LF) vacuum degassing (VD) fast forging annealing (or normalizing) turning, Ensure chemical composition and mechanical property require-ments.
FAQ
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What is the difference between forging and casting?
Forging: It is the process of transforming a CZPT from 1 shape to another. Casting: It is the process of transforming a shapeless liquid metal into a CZPT with a shape. The so-called casting is the process of casting molten metal into a model to obtain a casting. The casting profession focuses on the metal melting process and the control of processes during the casting process. Forging is a plastic forming process in the CZPT state, which can be divided into hot processing and cold processing. Forgings include extrusion, drawing, roughening, punching, and so on. Casting is a CZPT liquid CZPT process, while forging is a CZPT to CZPT process where a CZPT can change its shape into another shape at high temperatures. There are still differences in the shape process and process of the two.
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How to choose high-quality forgings?
In the quality inspection of forgings, there are mainly external observation methods and internal inspection methods. The appearance method, as the name suggests, is to observe the appearance of the product, such as the shape, geometric dimensions, surface condition, etc. of the forging, in order to understand whether it meets the standards and whether there are external defects. Specifically, it is to check whether the external dimensions of the forging meet the specifications and whether there are defects on the surface, such as cracks, wrinkles, bubbles, indentations, pits, impurities, scratches, etc. on the surface of the forging. Internal testing mainly involves analyzing the chemical composition, macroscopic and microscopic structures, and mechanical properties of forgings. This inspection process requires the use of specialized instruments for high magnification inspection, with the aim of checking for any phenomena such as fractures and shrinkage within the forging, as well as defects such as dendrites and white spots, disordered flow lines, and throughflow. It also includes the tensile strength, ductility, hardness, plasticity, and heat resistance temperature of the forging.
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What are the characteristics of the forging process for blank forgings?
The forging process of circular forgings mainly consists of the following processes: pier roughening, elongation, punching, and expanding. The difference between free forging and ring rolling processes is mainly in the process of expanding holes. In the production of ring forgings, free forging is usually used to expand the hole with a horse screw, while ring rolling is mainly used to expand the hole with rolling.
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| Processing Object: | Metal |
|---|---|
| Molding Style: | Forging |
| Molding Technics: | Hot Forging |
| Application: | Machinery Parts |
| Material: | Steel |
| Heat Treatment: | Tempering |
| Samples: |
US$ 1100/Ton
1 Ton(Min.Order) | |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
Can drive shafts be adapted for use in both automotive and industrial settings?
Yes, drive shafts can be adapted for use in both automotive and industrial settings. While there may be some differences in design and specifications based on the specific application requirements, the fundamental principles and functions of drive shafts remain applicable in both contexts. Here’s a detailed explanation:
1. Power Transmission:
Drive shafts serve the primary purpose of transmitting rotational power from a power source, such as an engine or motor, to driven components, which can be wheels, machinery, or other mechanical systems. This fundamental function applies to both automotive and industrial settings. Whether it’s delivering power to the wheels of a vehicle or transferring torque to industrial machinery, the basic principle of power transmission remains the same for drive shafts in both contexts.
2. Design Considerations:
While there may be variations in design based on specific applications, the core design considerations for drive shafts are similar in both automotive and industrial settings. Factors such as torque requirements, operating speeds, length, and material selection are taken into account in both cases. Automotive drive shafts are typically designed to accommodate the dynamic nature of vehicle operation, including variations in speed, angles, and suspension movement. Industrial drive shafts, on the other hand, may be designed for specific machinery and equipment, taking into consideration factors such as load capacity, operating conditions, and alignment requirements. However, the underlying principles of ensuring proper dimensions, strength, and balance are essential in both automotive and industrial drive shaft designs.
3. Material Selection:
The material selection for drive shafts is influenced by the specific requirements of the application, whether in automotive or industrial settings. In automotive applications, drive shafts are commonly made from materials such as steel or aluminum alloys, chosen for their strength, durability, and ability to withstand varying operating conditions. In industrial settings, drive shafts may be made from a broader range of materials, including steel, stainless steel, or even specialized alloys, depending on factors such as load capacity, corrosion resistance, or temperature tolerance. The material selection is tailored to meet the specific needs of the application while ensuring efficient power transfer and durability.
4. Joint Configurations:
Both automotive and industrial drive shafts may incorporate various joint configurations to accommodate the specific requirements of the application. Universal joints (U-joints) are commonly used in both contexts to allow for angular movement and compensate for misalignment between the drive shaft and driven components. Constant velocity (CV) joints are also utilized, particularly in automotive drive shafts, to maintain a constant velocity of rotation and accommodate varying operating angles. These joint configurations are adapted and optimized based on the specific needs of automotive or industrial applications.
5. Maintenance and Service:
While maintenance practices may vary between automotive and industrial settings, the importance of regular inspection, lubrication, and balancing remains crucial in both cases. Both automotive and industrial drive shafts benefit from periodic maintenance to ensure optimal performance, identify potential issues, and prolong the lifespan of the drive shafts. Lubrication of joints, inspection for wear or damage, and balancing procedures are common maintenance tasks for drive shafts in both automotive and industrial applications.
6. Customization and Adaptation:
Drive shafts can be customized and adapted to meet the specific requirements of various automotive and industrial applications. Manufacturers often offer drive shafts with different lengths, diameters, and joint configurations to accommodate a wide range of vehicles or machinery. This flexibility allows for the adaptation of drive shafts to suit the specific torque, speed, and dimensional requirements of different applications, whether in automotive or industrial settings.
In summary, drive shafts can be adapted for use in both automotive and industrial settings by considering the specific requirements of each application. While there may be variations in design, materials, joint configurations, and maintenance practices, the fundamental principles of power transmission, design considerations, and customization options remain applicable in both contexts. Drive shafts play a crucial role in both automotive and industrial applications, enabling efficient power transfer and reliable operation in a wide range of mechanical systems.
Can drive shafts be customized for specific vehicle or equipment requirements?
Yes, drive shafts can be customized to meet specific vehicle or equipment requirements. Customization allows manufacturers to tailor the design, dimensions, materials, and other parameters of the drive shaft to ensure compatibility and optimal performance within a particular vehicle or equipment. Here’s a detailed explanation of how drive shafts can be customized:
1. Dimensional Customization:
Drive shafts can be customized to match the dimensional requirements of the vehicle or equipment. This includes adjusting the overall length, diameter, and spline configuration to ensure proper fitment and clearances within the specific application. By customizing the dimensions, the drive shaft can be seamlessly integrated into the driveline system without any interference or limitations.
2. Material Selection:
The choice of materials for drive shafts can be customized based on the specific requirements of the vehicle or equipment. Different materials, such as steel alloys, aluminum alloys, or specialized composites, can be selected to optimize strength, weight, and durability. The material selection can be tailored to meet the torque, speed, and operating conditions of the application, ensuring the drive shaft’s reliability and longevity.
3. Joint Configuration:
Drive shafts can be customized with different joint configurations to accommodate specific vehicle or equipment requirements. For example, universal joints (U-joints) may be suitable for applications with lower operating angles and moderate torque demands, while constant velocity (CV) joints are often used in applications requiring higher operating angles and smoother power transmission. The choice of joint configuration depends on factors such as operating angle, torque capacity, and desired performance characteristics.
4. Torque and Power Capacity:
Customization allows drive shafts to be designed with the appropriate torque and power capacity for the specific vehicle or equipment. Manufacturers can analyze the torque requirements, operating conditions, and safety margins of the application to determine the optimal torque rating and power capacity of the drive shaft. This ensures that the drive shaft can handle the required loads without experiencing premature failure or performance issues.
5. Balancing and Vibration Control:
Drive shafts can be customized with precision balancing and vibration control measures. Imbalances in the drive shaft can lead to vibrations, increased wear, and potential driveline issues. By employing dynamic balancing techniques during the manufacturing process, manufacturers can minimize vibrations and ensure smooth operation. Additionally, vibration dampers or isolation systems can be integrated into the drive shaft design to further mitigate vibrations and enhance overall system performance.
6. Integration and Mounting Considerations:
Customization of drive shafts takes into account the integration and mounting requirements of the specific vehicle or equipment. Manufacturers work closely with the vehicle or equipment designers to ensure that the drive shaft fits seamlessly into the driveline system. This includes adapting the mounting points, interfaces, and clearances to ensure proper alignment and installation of the drive shaft within the vehicle or equipment.
7. Collaboration and Feedback:
Manufacturers often collaborate with vehicle manufacturers, OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers), or end-users to gather feedback and incorporate their specific requirements into the drive shaft customization process. By actively seeking input and feedback, manufacturers can address specific needs, optimize performance, and ensure compatibility with the vehicle or equipment. This collaborative approach enhances the customization process and results in drive shafts that meet the exact requirements of the application.
8. Compliance with Standards:
Customized drive shafts can be designed to comply with relevant industry standards and regulations. Compliance with standards, such as ISO (International Organization for Standardization) or specific industry standards, ensures that the customized drive shafts meet quality, safety, and performance requirements. Adhering to these standards provides assurance that the drive shafts are compatible and can be seamlessly integrated into the specific vehicle or equipment.
In summary, drive shafts can be customized to meet specific vehicle or equipment requirements through dimensional customization, material selection, joint configuration, torque and power capacity optimization, balancing and vibration control, integration and mounting considerations, collaboration with stakeholders, and compliance with industry standards. Customization allows drive shafts to be precisely tailored to the needs of the application, ensuring compatibility, reliability, and optimal performance.
What benefits do drive shafts offer for different types of vehicles and equipment?
Drive shafts offer several benefits for different types of vehicles and equipment. They play a crucial role in power transmission and contribute to the overall performance, efficiency, and functionality of various systems. Here’s a detailed explanation of the benefits that drive shafts provide:
1. Efficient Power Transmission:
Drive shafts enable efficient power transmission from the engine or power source to the wheels or driven components. By connecting the engine or motor to the driven system, drive shafts efficiently transfer rotational power, allowing vehicles and equipment to perform their intended functions. This efficient power transmission ensures that the power generated by the engine is effectively utilized, optimizing the overall performance and productivity of the system.
2. Versatility:
Drive shafts offer versatility in their applications. They are used in various types of vehicles, including cars, trucks, motorcycles, and off-road vehicles. Additionally, drive shafts are employed in a wide range of equipment and machinery, such as agricultural machinery, construction equipment, industrial machinery, and marine vessels. The ability to adapt to different types of vehicles and equipment makes drive shafts a versatile component for power transmission.
3. Torque Handling:
Drive shafts are designed to handle high levels of torque. Torque is the rotational force generated by the engine or power source. Drive shafts are engineered to efficiently transmit this torque without excessive twisting or bending. By effectively handling torque, drive shafts ensure that the power generated by the engine is reliably transferred to the wheels or driven components, enabling vehicles and equipment to overcome resistance, such as heavy loads or challenging terrains.
4. Flexibility and Compensation:
Drive shafts provide flexibility and compensation for angular movement and misalignment. In vehicles, drive shafts accommodate the movement of the suspension system, allowing the wheels to move up and down independently. This flexibility ensures a constant power transfer even when the vehicle encounters uneven terrain. Similarly, in machinery, drive shafts compensate for misalignment between the engine or motor and the driven components, ensuring smooth power transmission and preventing excessive stress on the drivetrain.
5. Weight Reduction:
Drive shafts contribute to weight reduction in vehicles and equipment. Compared to other forms of power transmission, such as belt drives or chain drives, drive shafts are typically lighter in weight. This reduction in weight helps improve fuel efficiency in vehicles and reduces the overall weight of equipment, leading to enhanced maneuverability and increased payload capacity. Additionally, lighter drive shafts contribute to a better power-to-weight ratio, resulting in improved performance and acceleration.
6. Durability and Longevity:
Drive shafts are designed to be durable and long-lasting. They are constructed using materials such as steel or aluminum, which offer high strength and resistance to wear and fatigue. Drive shafts undergo rigorous testing and quality control measures to ensure their reliability and longevity. Proper maintenance, including lubrication and regular inspections, further enhances their durability. The robust construction and long lifespan of drive shafts contribute to the overall reliability and cost-effectiveness of vehicles and equipment.
7. Safety:
Drive shafts incorporate safety features to protect operators and bystanders. In vehicles, drive shafts are often enclosed within a protective tube or housing, preventing contact with moving parts and reducing the risk of injury in the event of a failure. Similarly, in machinery, safety shields or guards are commonly installed around exposed drive shafts to minimize the potential hazards associated with rotating components. These safety measures ensure the well-being of individuals operating or working in proximity to vehicles and equipment.
In summary, drive shafts offer several benefits for different types of vehicles and equipment. They enable efficient power transmission, provide versatility in various applications, handle torque effectively, offer flexibility and compensation, contribute to weight reduction, ensure durability and longevity, and incorporate safety features. By providing these advantages, drive shafts enhance the performance, efficiency, reliability, and safety of vehicles and equipment across a wide range of industries.
editor by CX 2024-02-07